One of the first things of course that we need to do in order to take the Hartford study and translate it into something that could be used in the Chinese context was literally translate the survey, and in fact many things are very, very difficult to translate. Anyone who’s ever translated anything knows that you don’t translate things literally. You really have to take the meaning and try to approach the context in the meaning of the local setting.

Other measures had to do with the kinds of relationships women have with men in different contexts and what we call certain kinds of relationships, maybe it’s primary or your main partner or your paying partner. They have particular language, and they have particular ideas about what’s included in those kinds of relationships and how you interact with those kinds of partners and what is appropriate for prevention and what is appropriate for all kinds of different things related to sex, related to disease, whatever it might be, related even to pregnancy.

So those were some of the things that we actually had to explore with some formative work and talk with the local people in order to get the language right and to ask the right questions, and let go of some things that weren’t working as well as others in the process of doing that. So that was part of the process of learning and collaborating as well.